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abstractThe so-called phantom limb syndrome is a hallucination. The amputee reports feeling the presence of his limb so vividly that he can even control its posture and movement. The phantom limb sensation affects more than 90 percent of amputees. It may appear just a few hours after the operation and gradually disappear of its own accord even after a couple of years. Various types of medical and surgical treatments with varying degrees of efficiency have been considered to ease the pain of phantom limbs. Surgical treatments have been discarded as being too invasive. The most efficient drugs for alleviating this kind of pain appear to be tricyclic antidepressants and the anticonvulsants carbamazepine and, more recently, gabapentin. Benzodiazepines are not thought to be particularly helpful, while opiates have been found to be efficient. The mirror experiment has also been used for therapeutic purposes.
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